BIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS
John Janovy, Jr.
Smashwords Edition
Copyright © John Janovy, Jr., 2011
NOTE: If you’re downloading this file, then there’s an excellent chance you also need OUTWITTING COLLEGE PROFESSORS: AN INSIDER’S GUIDE TO SECRETS OF THE SYSTEM (available on Smashwords and in paperback from http://www.createspace.com/3425284). OUTWITTING is really useful!
This ebook contains copies of all exams given in a college biology course from 2007 through 2010. The answers are available for $2.99 from Smashwords (http://www.smashwords.com/books/view/117618), but they should be fairly easy to obtain from any college-level textbook or from the Internet. I hope this document helps you get better grades. There is no guarantee that your own instructor will use questions similar to these, but the material covered in these exams is very standard for introductory biology courses at the college level. I did not take the time to re-number any questions; they’re simply sorted according to subject. Also, you’ll probably discover that teachers may use the same questions over and over again. In fact, while going through questions for answers, I discovered that I’d used the same questions maybe five or six times. My own classes got these same questions, but their grades seemed to get lower and lower, as a group, according to the number of questions, and in some cases answers, they’d received prior to the test. I can’t explain this trend.
ISBN: 978-1-4658-1658-0
Chapter 1 – The nature of science
Chapter 3 – Cell biology and metabolism
Chapter 5 – Organismic biology
Chapter 8 – The Big Picture in biology
*****
Chapter 1 – The nature of science
1. A scientific hypothesis is (a) a true statement. (b) a false statement that scientists try to prove true. (c) a prediction that can be demonstrated to be false. (d) a general explanation for natural phenomena. (e) a prediction that cannot be demonstrated to be false.
2. What is a null hypothesis? (a) a prediction of no difference between experimental and control groups. (b) a prediction that there will be a difference between the control and experimental groups. (c) an untestable prediction. (d) a non-scientific hypothesis.
3. In order to do experiments in biology, you will need (a) cooperative organisms that you can acquire. (b) a design that includes a testable hypothesis. (c) a design that should include an alternative testable hypothesis. (d) a means of quantifying your results. (e) All of these.
4. Following a scientific experiment, the observed difference between your control and experimental groups (a) should be zero. (b) must be zero. (c) could be zero or some other value. (d) must not be zero. (e) None of these answers is correct.
5. Biology can be considered an historical science because (a) experiments can be done many times. (b) chemistry and math are commonly used in biological research. (c) evolution is the central unifying theme of biology. (d) paradigms guide much of biological research.
6. Proximal questions (a) usually begin with the word “how.” (b) usually begin with the word “why.” (c) tend to address problems of origin. (d) tend to address problems of evolution. (e) All of these.
7. Ultimate questions (a) usually begin with the word “why.” (b) tend to address problems of origin. (c) tend to address problems of evolution. (d) are often of historical importance. (e) All of these.
8. The statement “If you put a million tons of CFC’s into the atmosphere every year for 65 years, the ozone layer will not be changed” can be considered (a) a testable null hypothesis. (b) an experimental design with a control group. (c) a prediction that cannot be falsified. (d) a non-scientific assertion. (e) All of these.
9. The statement “You can burn tropical forests at the rate of 50 acres/minute for fifty years and this act will have no effect on human welfare, global politics, or global economics” can be considered (a) a testable null hypothesis. (b) an experimental design with a control group. (c) a prediction that cannot be falsified. (d) a non-scientific assertion. (e) None of these.
10. Paradigms are (a) predictions of no difference between control and experimental groups. (b) views about nature that tend to determine acceptable lines of research and acceptable results of that research. (c) evidence used to answer questions about cell function. (d) predictions that cannot be falsified.
39. Which of the following questions are typical of those asked by biologists designing experiments? (a) Were all my original group members identical? (b) How do I measure the qualities present in both the experimentals and controls? (c) Are there some alternative hypotheses to explain my results? (d) All of these. (e) None of these.
1. A scientific hypothesis is (a) a true statement. (b) a false statement that scientists try to prove true. (c) a prediction that can be demonstrated to be false. (d) a general explanation for natural phenomena. (e) a prediction that cannot be demonstrated to be false.
2. What is a null hypothesis? (a) a prediction of no difference between experimental and control groups. (b) a prediction that there will be a difference between the control and experimental groups. (c) an untestable prediction. (d) a non-scientific hypothesis.
3. In order to do experiments in biology, you will need (a) cooperative organisms that you can acquire. (b) a design that includes a testable hypothesis. (c) a design that should include an alternative testable hypothesis. (d) a means of quantifying your results. (e) All of these.
4. Following a scientific experiment, the observed difference between your control and experimental groups (a) should be zero. (b) must be zero. (c) could be zero or some other value. (d) must not be zero. (e) None of these answers is correct.
5. Biology can be considered an historical science because (a) experiments can be done many times. (b) chemistry and math are commonly used in biological research. (c) evolution is the central unifying theme of biology. (d) paradigms guide much of biological research.
6. The statement “If you put a million tons of CFC’s into the atmosphere every year for 65 years, the ozone layer will not be changed” can be considered (a) a testable null hypothesis. (b) an experimental design with a control group. (c) a prediction that cannot be falsified. (d) a non-scientific assertion. (e) All of these.
7. The statement “You can burn tropical forests at the rate of 50 acres/minute for fifty years and this act will have no effect on human welfare, global politics, or global economics” can be considered (a) a testable null hypothesis. (b) an experimental design with a control group. (c) a prediction that cannot be falsified. (d) a non-scientific assertion. (e) None of these.
8. Paradigms are (a) predictions of no difference between control and experimental groups. (b) views about nature that tend to determine acceptable lines of research and acceptable results of that research. (c) evidence used to answer questions about cell function. (d) predictions that cannot be falsified.
1. A scientific hypothesis is (a) a false statement that scientists try to prove true. (b) a true statement that scientists try to prove false. (c) a prediction that can be demonstrated to be false. (d) a true statement about nature. (e) a prediction that scientists must demonstrate is true.
2. What is a null hypothesis? (a) a prediction that there will be a difference between the control and experimental groups (b) a prediction of no difference between experimental and control groups (c) an untestable prediction (d) a prediction that scientists fail to reject (e) a non-scientific hypothesis.
3. Which of the following questions are typical of those asked by biologists designing experiments? (a) Were all my original group members identical? (b) How do I measure the qualities present in both the experimental and control groups? (c) Are there some alternative hypotheses to explain my results? (d) All of these questions should be asked.
4. If you measured the height of all the people in this room, then made a frequency distribution from the data, what would be the dependent variable? (a) height (b) numbers of people of a particular height (c) number of people in the room (d) mean height (e) any of these.
5. In order to do experiments in biology, you will need (a) cooperative organisms that you can acquire. (b) a design that includes a testable hypothesis. (c) a design that should include an alternative testable hypothesis. (d) a means of quantifying your results. (e) All of these.
6. In biology, organisms are sometimes considered uncooperative if (a) they evolve. (b) they cannot be easily cultured in large numbers. (c) they quickly multiply if provided with minimal food and water. (d) they exhibit genetic variations. (e) they exhibit superfecundity.
7. Superfecundity refers to the observed fact that (a) species have variable traits that can be inherited. (b) more individuals are produced than survive to reproduce. (c) environmental conditions tend to determine which genetic variants are most successful at reproducing. (d) environmental conditions produce genetic variants. (e) All of these answers are correct.
8. The Darwinian principles most well supported by observations include the following: (a) Species have variable traits that can be inherited. (b) More individuals are produced than survive to reproduce. (c) Environmental conditions tend to determine which genetic variants are most successful at reproducing. (d) All of these answers are correct.
9. The statement “If you put a million tons of CFC’s into the atmosphere every year for 65 years, the ozone layer will not be changed” can be considered (a) an hypothesis for an experiment with a control group. (b) an experiment involving cooperative organisms. (c) a prediction that cannot be falsified. (d) a testable null hypothesis. (e) All of these.
10. The statement “If we burn tropical forests at the rate of 50 acres/minute for fifty years, this act will have no effect on human welfare or global economics” can be considered (a) an hypothesis for an experiment with a control group. (b) an experiment involving cooperative organisms. (c) a prediction that cannot be falsified. (d) a testable null hypothesis. (e) None of these.
11. Paradigms are (a) views about nature that tend to determine acceptable lines of research and acceptable results of that research. (b) predictions that cannot be falsified. (c) predictions of no difference between control and experimental groups. (d) views about nature that lead to untestable predictions. (e) None of these answers is correct.
12. A good example of life’s uniformity can be seen in the (a) general manner in which nucleic acids are assembled. (b) sequence of DNA nucleotides in various campus plant species. (c) primary structures of enzymes in campus plants. (d) characteristics that distinguish one campus plant species from another (e) None of these answers is correct.
13. A good example of life’s enormous diversity superimposed on uniformity can be seen (a) in use of DNA nucleotide sequences to construct a phylogeny. (b) in genetic differences between roses and oak trees. (c) in the numbers of different enzymes found in a cell. (d) among students at UNL. (e) All of these.
39. A scientific “fact” is best defined as (a) observations or data. (b) an assertion by scientists. (c) the conclusions resulting from test of a hypothesis. (d) ideas that support a theory. (e) Any of these things could be considered facts for a person writing a freshman biology textbook.
40. Which of the following issues requires an understanding of how science actually operates? (a) the consequences of climate change (b) the global supply and use of fossil fuel (c) the economic impact of technological innovations (d) the social and economic costs of illness (e) all of these.
1. A scientific hypothesis is (a) a false statement that scientists try to prove true. (b) a true statement that scientists try to prove false. (c) a prediction that can be demonstrated to be false. (d) a true statement about nature. (e) a prediction that scientists must demonstrate is true.
2. What is a null hypothesis? (a) a prediction that there will be a difference between the control and experimental groups (b) a prediction of no difference between experimental and control groups (c) an untestable prediction (d) a prediction that scientists fail to reject (e) a non-scientific hypothesis.
3. Which of the following questions are typical of those asked by biologists designing experiments? (a) Were all my original group members identical? (b) How do I measure the qualities present in both the experimental and control groups? (c) Are there some alternative hypotheses to explain my results? (d) All of these questions should be asked.
4. Superfecundity refers to the observed fact that (a) species have variable traits that can be inherited. (b) more individuals are produced than survive to reproduce. (c) environmental conditions tend to determine which genetic variants are most successful at reproducing. (d) environmental conditions produce genetic variants. (e) All of these answers are correct.
5. The statement “If we burn tropical forests at the rate of 50 acres/minute for fifty years, this act will have no effect on human welfare or global economics” can be considered (a) an hypothesis for an experiment with a control group. (b) an experiment involving cooperative organisms. (c) a prediction that cannot be falsified. (d) a testable null hypothesis. (e) None of these.
6. Paradigms are (a) views about nature that tend to determine acceptable lines of research and acceptable results of that research. (b) predictions that cannot be falsified. (c) predictions of no difference between control and experimental groups. (d) views about nature that lead to untestable predictions. (e) None of these answers is correct.
7. A good example of life’s uniformity can be seen in the (a) general manner in which nucleic acids are assembled. (b) sequence of DNA nucleotides in various campus plant species. (c) primary structures of enzymes in campus plants. (d) characteristics that distinguish one campus plant species from another (e) None of these answers is correct.
8. A good example of life’s enormous diversity superimposed on uniformity can be seen (a) in use of DNA nucleotide sequences to construct a phylogeny. (b) in genetic differences between roses and oak trees. (c) in the numbers of different enzymes found in a cell. (d) among students at UNL. (e) All of these.
1. A scientific hypothesis is (a) a false statement that scientists try to prove false. (b) a true statement that scientists try to prove true. (c) a true statement about nature. (d) a prediction that scientists must demonstrate is true. (e) a prediction that can be demonstrated to be false.
2. What is a null hypothesis? (a) a prediction that there will be some difference between the control and experimental groups (b) a prediction that scientists must reject (c) a prediction that scientists cannot reject (d) a prediction of no difference between experimental and control groups (e) a non-scientific hypothesis.
3. Which of the following questions are typical of those asked by biologists designing experiments? (a) Were all my original group members identical? (b) How do I measure the qualities present in both the experimental and control groups? (c) Are there some alternative hypotheses to explain my results? (d) Can my prediction actually be tested? (e) All of these questions should be asked.
4. If you calculated the final grades of all the people in this room, then made a frequency distribution from the data, what would be the independent variable? (a) grade percentages (b) numbers of people with a particular grade (c) number of people in the room (d) class average (e) any of these.
5. If you calculated the final grades of all the people from BIOS 101 classes over the past ten years, then made frequency distributions from the data, what would be the dependent variables? (a) grade percentages (b) numbers of people with a particular grade (c) number of people in each of the classes (d) class averages (e) any of these.
6. If you calculated the final grades of all the people from all BIOS 101 instructors’ classes over the past ten years, then made frequency distributions from the data, what observations would help you “think like a scientist”? (a) class averages (b) amount of overlap between the distributions (c) number of people in each of the classes (d) class average difference between years (e) all of these.
7. In order to do experiments in biology, you will need (a) a design that includes a testable hypothesis. (b) cooperative organisms that you can acquire or observe. (c) a means of manipulating the conditions under which observations are made. (d) a means of quantifying your results. (e) All of these.
8. In biology, organisms are most useful for laboratory experiments if (a) they evolve. (b) they quickly multiply when provided with food, water, and potential mates. (c) they exhibit genetic variations. (d) they are large enough to study without a microscope. (e) all of these.
9. The statement “If you put a million tons of CFC’s into the atmosphere every year for 65 years, the ozone layer will not be changed” can be considered (a) an hypothesis for an experiment with a control group. (b) an experiment involving cooperative organisms. (c) a prediction that cannot be falsified. (d) a testable null hypothesis. (e) All of these.
10. The statement “If we burn tropical forests at the rate of 50 acres/minute for fifty years, this act will have no effect on human welfare or global economics” can be considered (a) an hypothesis for an experiment with a control group. (b) a testable null hypothesis. (c) an experiment involving cooperative organisms. (d) a prediction that cannot be falsified. (e) None of these.
15. Proximal questions (a) typically begin with the word “how”. (b) are questions about function. (c) can often be answered using cooperative organisms. (d) often can be addressed using null hypotheses as part of the experimental design. (e) All of these answers are correct.
16. Ultimate questions (a) are questions about function. (b) can often be answered using uncooperative organisms. (c) typically begin with the word “why,” so are questions of origin. (d) require cooperative organisms before they can be answered. (e) None of these answers is correct.
17. Paradigms are (a) views about nature that tend to determine acceptable lines of research and acceptable results of that research. (b) predictions that cannot be falsified. (c) predictions of no difference between control and experimental groups. (d) views about nature that lead to untestable predictions. (e) None of these answers is correct.
1. A scientific hypothesis is (a) a false statement that scientists try to prove false. (b) a true statement that scientists try to prove true. (c) a true statement about nature. (d) a prediction that scientists must demonstrate is true. (e) a prediction that can be demonstrated to be false.
2. What is a null hypothesis? (a) a prediction that there will be some difference between the control and experimental groups (b) a prediction that scientists must reject (c) a prediction that scientists cannot reject (d) a prediction of no difference between experimental and control groups (e) a non-scientific hypothesis.
3. Which of the following questions are typical of those asked by biologists designing experiments? (a) Were all my original group members identical? (b) How do I measure the qualities present in both the experimental and control groups? (c) Are there some alternative hypotheses to explain my results? (d) Can my prediction actually be tested? (e) All of these questions should be asked.
4. If you calculated the final grades of all the people in our class, then made a frequency distribution from the data, what would be the independent variable? (a) grade percentages (b) numbers of people with a particular grade (c) number of people in the room (d) class average (e) any of these.
5. If you calculated the final grades of all the people from BIOS 101 classes over the past ten years, then made frequency distributions from the data, what would be the dependent variables? (a) grade percentages (b) numbers of people with a particular grade (c) number of people in each of the classes (d) class averages (e) any of these.
6. The statement “If you put a million tons of CFC’s into the atmosphere every year for 65 years, the ozone layer will not be changed” can be considered (a) an hypothesis for an experiment with a control group. (b) an experiment involving cooperative organisms. (c) a prediction that cannot be falsified. (d) a testable null hypothesis. (e) All of these.
7. The statement “If we burn tropical forests at the rate of 50 acres/minute for fifty years, this act will have no effect on human welfare or global economics” can be considered (a) an hypothesis for an experiment with a control group. (b) a testable null hypothesis. (c) an experiment involving cooperative organisms. (d) a prediction that cannot be falsified. (e) None of these.
8. Considering data readily available to all of us, which of the following Darwinian principles should apply to humans? (a) Species have variable traits that can be inherited. (b) More individuals are produced than survive to reproduce. (c) Environmental conditions tend to determine which genetic variants are most successful at reproducing. (d) Conditions are ideal for evolution into a new species of human-like animal on Earth. (e) All of these answers are correct.
9. If scientists are correct, we should begin to see rapid Darwinian selection occur in humans (a) within the next decade. (b) about mid-21st Century. (c) in several hundred years. (d) never.
24. What is a null hypothesis? (a) a prediction that there will be some difference between the control and experimental groups (b) a prediction that scientists must reject (c) a prediction that scientists cannot reject (d) a prediction of no difference between experimental and control groups (e) a non-scientific hypothesis.
25. If you measured the height of all the people in this room, then made a frequency distribution from the data, what would be the independent variable? (a) height (b) numbers of people of a particular height (c) number of people in the room (d) average height (e) none of these.
26. If you recorded the final grades of all the people in this class, and did the same for the 11:30 class, then made a frequency distribution from the data, what would be the dependent variable? (a) grades (b) numbers of people with a particular grade (c) class average (d) distribution overlap (e) none of these.
27. The null hypothesis of an experiment testing whether scarlet king snakes are protected from predators by mimicking coral snakes would be:
(a) Both species get eaten at the same rate regardless of where they live.
(b) Coral snakes get eaten more frequently than king snakes regardless of where they live.
(c) King snakes get eaten more frequently than coral snakes regardless of where they live.
(d) King snakes get eaten more frequently than coral snakes when coral snakes are present.
(e) Coral snakes get eaten more frequently than king snakes when king snakes are present.
28. The statement “If we burn tropical forests at the rate of 50 acres/minute for fifty years, this act will have no effect on human welfare or global economics” can be considered (a) an hypothesis for an experiment with a control group. (b) a testable null hypothesis. (c) an experiment involving cooperative organisms. (d) a prediction that cannot be falsified. (e) None of these.
29. Which of the following questions are typical of those asked by biologists designing experiments? (a) Were all my original group members identical? (b) How do I measure the qualities present in both the experimental and control groups? (c) Are there some alternative hypotheses to explain my results? (d) Can my prediction actually be tested? (e) All of these questions should be asked.
30. Superfecundity refers to the observed fact that (a) species have variable traits that can be inherited. (b) more individuals are produced than survive to reproduce. (c) environmental conditions tend to determine which genetic variants are most successful at reproducing. (d) environmental conditions produce genetic variants. (e) All of these answers are correct.
31. Which of the following is the correct way to write the scientific name of the brown pelican? (a) Pelecanus occidentalis (b) Pelecanus occidentalis (c) pelecanus occidentalis (d) Pelecanus occidentalis (e) Any of these ways are okay for your Friday writing follow-ups.
*****
Chapter 2 – Baby biochemistry
11. Which of the following BIOS101 vocabulary words are you likely to find in the ingredients list of junk food from a campus vending machine? (a) protein (b) lipid or monoglycerides (c) sugar (d) polyunsaturated (e) All of these.
12. Which of the following items listed on junk food from a campus vending machine were probably built by cells carrying out dehydration synthesis reactions? (a) saturated fat (b) soy protein (c) starch (d) triglycerides (e) All of these.
13. Glucose (a) is a carbohydrate. (b) is a polymer. (c) contains relatively large amounts of nitrogen. (d) has the same properties as CO2 and H2O. (e) None of these.
14. Glycogen and cellulose (a) contain many amino acids. (b) differ in the way their glucose units are linked together. (c) perform similar functions for humans. (d) are polymers whose units are linked by peptide bonds. (e) All of these.
15. In order to be an amino acid, a molecule must have (a) a hydroxyl group. (b) both an amine and a carboxyl group. (c) glycerol as one of its parts. (d) numerous peptide bonds. (e) a glycogen subunit.
16. In order to be a nucleic acid, a molecule must have (a) glycerol and fatty acids. (b) both an amine and a carboxyl group. (c) numerous peptide bonds. (d) nucleotides joined by their phosphate and sugar groups. (e) None of these answers is correct.
17. In order to be a carbohydrate, a molecule must have (a) a carboxyl group. (b) both an amine and a carboxyl group. (c) a 1:2:1::C:H:O ratio. (d) numerous peptide bonds. (e) All of these.
18. In order to be a lipid, a molecule must have (a) at least one peptide bond. (b) a 1:2:1::C:H:O ratio. (c) glycerol and a fatty acid. (d) both an amine and a carboxyl group. (e) Any of these.
19. In order to be a nucleotide, a molecule must have (a) at least one peptide bond. (b) a nitrogenous base, a five carbon sugar, and a phosphate group. (c) glycerol and a fatty acid. (d) both an amine and a carboxyl group. (e) Any of these.
20. Which of the following kinds of molecules would you expect to be digested by a hydrolytic enzyme? (a) DNA (b) glycogen (c) glycoprotein (d) a membrane phospholipid (e) All of these.
21. Which of the following kinds of molecules would you expect to be built by enzymes carrying out dehydration synthesis? (a) RNA (b) glycogen (c) glycoprotein (d) a membrane phospholipid (e) All of these.
22. A peptide bond occurs between (a) glycerol and a fatty acid. (b) nucleotides in DNA. (c) amino acids in a protein. (d) adenine and uracil in RNA. (e) All of these.
23. The primary structure of soy protein would be (a) the sequence of its amino acids. (b) the sequence of its nucleotides. (c) the folding of its polypeptides. (d) the manner in which its nucleotides are paired. (e) the number of fatty acids attached to its glycerol.
24. Which of the following items listed on junk food from a campus vending machine would be broken down by enzymes carrying out hydrolysis? (a) saturated fat (b) enzymes (c) starch (d) tri-glycerides (e) All of these.
25. Which of the following would be found in DNA of a host cell infected with HIV? (a) glycerol (b) glucose (c) amino acids (d) nucleotides like adenine and guanine (e) fatty acids.
26. Which of the following would result from a hydrolytic reaction in which glycogen was the substrate? (a) glycerol (b) fatty acids (c) amino acids (d) glucose (e) All of these.
27. If you digested the plasma membranes in a piece of beef, what would be some of the products of reactions carried out by hydrolytic enzymes? (a) glycerol (b) glucose (c) amino acids (d) fatty acids (e) All of these.
28. Which of the following would you expect to find inside one of your own cells? (a) mitochondria (b) rough endoplasmic reticulum (c) nuclear envelope (d) ribosomes (e) All of these.
29. A nucleotide molecule consists of (a) branching chains of
glucose. (b) a nitrogen-containing ring, a 5-carbon sugar, and a
phosphate group. (c) glycerol, fatty acids, and amino acids. (d)
glycerol, fatty acids, and a phosphate group. (e) a long chain of
carboxyl groups.
30. Various cell membrane proteins probably (a) differ in both primary and tertiary structure. (b) carry out different functions. (c) have polysaccharides attached to them. (d) help transport materials across the membrane. (e) All of these.
31. Which of the following would be considered an initial step in digestion? (a) production of fatty acids from lipids (b) production of amino acids from proteins (c) production of nucleotides from DNA or RNA (d) production of glucose from glycogen (e) Any of these.
32. Polysaccharide portions of membrane glycoproteins probably (a) differ in their branching structure. (b) contain different kinds of amino acids. (c) have different nucleotide sequences. (d) are built by hydrolytic enzymes. (e) All of these.
33. RNA is (a) a polymer containing uracil. (b) a product of the reaction carried out by hydrolytic enzymes. (c) a monomer containing adenine and guanine. (d) a polymer made up of glycerol and fatty acids. (e) a polymer made up of glucose molecules.
Below is a diagram of a metabolic pathway that exists because of a series of enzymatic reactions (as outlined in lecture). A through E are the molecules involved, and E1 through E4 are the enzymes.
A ------> B ------> C ------> D ------> E
E1 E2 E3 E4
The following questions concern this metabolic pathway:
41. You can assume from this diagram, and from what you know about enzymes and proteins, that (a) B is a product of the reaction carried out by E3. (b) E3 and E4 are utilizing the same substrate. (c) The active site of E1 is the same shape as the active site of E2. (d) The tertiary structures of E3 and E4 are identical. (e) The primary structure of E1 is probably quite different from the primary structure of E4.
42. You can assume from this diagram, and from what you know about enzymes and proteins, that (a) The product of the reaction carried out by E3 is a substrate for E4. (b) E3 and E4 are generating the same products. (c) The active site of E3 is the same shape as the active site of E4. (d) The tertiary structures of E3 and E4 are identical. (e) All of these answers are correct.
43. You can assume from this diagram, and from what you know about proteins, enzymes, and large polymer molecules, that (a) The reaction carried out by E3 could be dehydration synthesis. (b) The reaction carried out by E3 could be hydrolysis. (c) The substrates and products could be either lipids or polysaccharides. (d) The substrates and products could be amino acids or fatty acids. (e) Any or all of these answers could be correct.
44. From what you know about cell structure and function, you could assume that (a) this entire pathway could occur within a single organelle. (b) the active site of E1 binds to substrate D because of the tertiary structure of E1. (c) if these enzymatic reactions occur after a lysosome fuses with an endocytotic vesicle containing a piece of dead mouse, then they can probably be reversed, also within that same lysosomes. (d) if these reactions occur within mitochondria, then they consume vast amounts of energy and produce no usable energy for the cell as whole. (e) Any or all of these answers could be correct.
45. From what you know about enzymes, proteins, large polymer molecules, and cell function, you can assume that (a) E3 and E4 could not exist unless the cell also had enzymes that carried out dehydration synthesis using amino acids as substrates. (b) E1 and E2 have the same primary and secondary structure because they carry out linked reactions. (c) E2 and E3 have the same primary structure but not the same secondary or tertiary structure. (d) E3 and E4 could not exist unless the cell also had enzymes that carried out hydrolysis using amino acids as substrates. (e) None of these answers can be correct.
9. Glycogen and cellulose (a) contain many amino acids. (b) differ in the way their glucose units are linked together. (c) perform similar functions for humans. (d) are polymers whose units are linked by peptide bonds. (e) All of these.
10. In order to be an amino acid, a molecule must have (a) a hydroxyl group. (b) both an amine and a carboxyl group. (c) glycerol as one of its parts. (d) numerous peptide bonds. (e) a glycogen subunit.
11. In order to be a nucleic acid, a molecule must have (a) glycerol and fatty acids. (b) both an amine and a carboxyl group. (c) numerous peptide bonds. (d) nucleotides joined by their phosphate and sugar groups. (e) None of these answers is correct.
12. In order to be a carbohydrate, a molecule must have (a) a carboxyl group. (b) both an amine and a carboxyl group. (c) a 1:2:1::C:H:O ratio. (d) numerous peptide bonds. (e) All of these.
13. In order to be a lipid, a molecule must have (a) at least one peptide bond. (b) a 1:2:1::C:H:O ratio. (c) glycerol and a fatty acid. (d) both an amine and a carboxyl group. (e) Any of these.
14. In order to be a nucleotide, a molecule must have (a) at least one peptide bond. (b) a nitrogenous base, a five carbon sugar, and a phosphate group. (c) glycerol and a fatty acid. (d) both an amine and a carboxyl group. (e) Any of these.
15. Which of the following kinds of molecules would you expect to be digested by a hydrolytic enzyme? (a) DNA (b) glycogen (c) glycoprotein (d) a membrane phospholipid (e) All of these.
16. Which of the following kinds of molecules would you expect to be built by enzymes carrying out dehydration synthesis? (a) RNA (b) glycogen (c) glycoprotein (d) a membrane phospholipid (e) All of these.
17. A peptide bond occurs between (a) glycerol and a fatty acid. (b) nucleotides in DNA. (c) amino acids in a protein. (d) adenine and uracil in RNA. (e) All of these.
18. The primary structure of soy protein would be (a) the sequence of its amino acids. (b) the sequence of its nucleotides. (c) the folding of its polypeptides. (d) the manner in which its nucleotides are paired. (e) the number of fatty acids attached to its glycerol.
19. Which of the following items listed on junk food from a campus vending machine would be broken down by enzymes carrying out hydrolysis? (a) saturated fat (b) enzymes (c) starch (d) tri-glycerides (e) All of these.
20. Which of the following would be found in DNA of a host cell infected with HIV? (a) glycerol (b) glucose (c) amino acids (d) nucleotides like adenine and guanine (e) fatty acids.
21. Which of the following would result from a hydrolytic reaction in which glycogen was the substrate? (a) glycerol (b) fatty acids (c) amino acids (d) glucose (e) All of these.
22. If you digested the plasma membranes in a piece of beef, what would be some of the products of reactions carried out by hydrolytic enzymes? (a) glycerol (b) glucose (c) amino acids (d) fatty acids (e) All of these.
23. Which of the following would you expect to find inside one of your own cells? (a) mitochondria (b) rough endoplasmic reticulum (c) nuclear envelope (d) ribosomes (e) All of these.
24. A nucleotide molecule consists of (a) branching chains of
glucose. (b) a nitrogen-containing ring, a 5-carbon sugar, and a
phosphate group. (c) glycerol, fatty acids, and amino acids. (d)
glycerol, fatty acids, and a phosphate group. (e) a long chain of
carboxyl groups.
25. Various cell membrane proteins probably (a) differ in both primary and tertiary structure. (b) carry out different functions. (c) have polysaccharides attached to them. (d) help transport materials across the membrane. (e) All of these.
6. Glycogen and cellulose (a) contain many amino acids. (b) differ in the way their glucose units are linked together. (c) perform similar functions for humans. (d) are polymers whose units are linked by peptide bonds. (e) All of these.
7. In order to be an amino acid, a molecule must have (a) a hydroxyl group. (b) both an amine and a carboxyl group. (c) glycerol as one of its parts. (d) numerous peptide bonds. (e) a glycogen subunit.
8. In order to be a nucleic acid, a molecule must have (a) glycerol and fatty acids. (b) both an amine and a carboxyl group. (c) numerous peptide bonds. (d) nucleotides joined by their phosphate and sugar groups. (e) None of these answers is correct.
9. In order to be a carbohydrate, a molecule must have (a) a carboxyl group. (b) both an amine and a carboxyl group. (c) a 1:2:1::C:H:O ratio. (d) numerous peptide bonds. (e) All of these.
10. In order to be a lipid, a molecule must have (a) at least one peptide bond. (b) a 1:2:1::C:H:O ratio. (c) glycerol and a fatty acid. (d) both an amine and a carboxyl group. (e) Any of these.
11. In order to be a nucleotide, a molecule must have (a) at least one peptide bond. (b) a nitrogenous base, a five carbon sugar, and a phosphate group. (c) glycerol and a fatty acid. (d) both an amine and a carboxyl group. (e) Any of these.
12. Which of the following kinds of molecules would you expect to be digested by a hydrolytic enzyme? (a) DNA (b) glycogen (c) glycoprotein (d) a membrane phospholipid (e) All of these.
13. Which of the following kinds of molecules would you expect to be built by enzymes carrying out dehydration synthesis? (a) RNA (b) glycogen (c) glycoprotein (d) a membrane phospholipid (e) All of these.
14. The primary structure of soy protein would be (a) the sequence of its amino acids. (b) the sequence of its nucleotides. (c) the folding of its polypeptides. (d) the manner in which its nucleotides are paired. (e) the number of fatty acids attached to its glycerol.
15. Which of the following would be found in DNA of a host cell infected with HIV? (a) glycerol (b) glucose (c) amino acids (d) nucleotides like adenine and guanine (e) fatty acids.
16. If you digested the plasma membranes in a piece of beef, what would be some of the products of reactions carried out by hydrolytic enzymes? (a) glycerol (b) glucose (c) amino acids (d) fatty acids (e) All of these.
17. Various cell membrane proteins probably (a) differ in both primary and tertiary structure. (b) carry out different functions. (c) have polysaccharides attached to them. (d) help transport materials across the membrane. (e) All of these.
18. Which of the following would be considered an initial step in digestion? (a) production of fatty acids from lipids (b) production of amino acids from proteins (c) production of nucleotides from DNA or RNA (d) production of glucose from glycogen (e) Any of these.
14. Which of the following BIOS101 vocabulary words are you likely to find in the ingredients list of junk food from a campus vending machine? (a) protein (b) lipid or monoglycerides (c) sugar (d) polyunsaturated (e) All of these.
15. Which of the following items listed on junk food from a campus vending machine were probably built by cells carrying out dehydration synthesis reactions? (a) saturated fat (b) protein from soy beans (c) starch (d) triglycerides (e) All of these.
16. Glycogen and cellulose (a) contain many amino acids. (b) differ in the way their glucose units are linked together. (c) perform similar functions for humans. (d) are polymers whose units are linked by peptide bonds. (e) All of these.
17. In order to be an amino acid, a molecule must have (a) a hydroxyl group. (b) both an amine and a carboxyl group. (c) glycerol as one of its parts. (d) numerous peptide bonds. (e) a glycogen subunit.
18. In order to be a nucleotide, a molecule must have (a) at least one peptide bond. (b) a nitrogenous base, a five carbon sugar, and a phosphate group. (c) glycerol and a fatty acid. (d) both an amine and a carboxyl group. (e) All of these.
19. In order to be a nucleic acid, a molecule must have (a) glycerol and fatty acids. (b) both an amine and a carboxyl group. (c) numerous peptide bonds. (d) nucleotides joined together by their phosphate and sugar groups. (e) None of these answers is correct.
20. In order to be a polysaccharide, a molecule must have (a) at least one fatty acid. (b) at least one peptide bond between its monosaccharides. (c) a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. (d) several sugars linked together in a chain. (e) sugars linked together by peptide bonds.
21. In order to be a lipid, a molecule must have (a) at least one monosaccharide. (b) at least one fatty acid attached to glycerol. (c) a phosphate group attached to its alpha carbon. (d) both an amine group and a carboxyl group attached to its glycerol. (e) None of these answers is correct.
22. Your campus plants should be using (a) hydrolysis reactions to build nucleic acids. (b) hydrolysis reactions to build polypeptides. (c) dehydration synthesis reactions to break apart polysaccharides. (d) dehydration synthesis reactions to build polysaccharides. (e) dehydration synthesis reactions to break apart lipids.
23. If you ate a leaf from your campus plant and digested some of it, what compounds would likely be found in your intestine? (b) amino acids (b) glycerol (c) fatty acids (d) nucleotides (e) all of these.
24. A peptide bond occurs between (a) glycerol and a fatty acid. (b) nucleotides in DNA. (c) amino acids in a polypeptide. (d) nucleotides in nucleic acids. (e) All of these.
25. The primary structure of a protein would be (a) the sequence of its amino acids. (b) the sequence of its nucleotides. (c) the folding of its polypeptides. (d) the manner in which its nucleotides are joined to glycerol. (e) the number of fatty acids attached to its glycerol.
26. The tertiary structure of a protein would be (a) the sequence of its amino acids. (b) the sequence of its nucleotides. (c) the folding of its polypeptides. (d) the manner in which its nucleotides are joined to glycerol. (e) the number of fatty acids attached to its glycerol.
27. Which of the following items listed on junk food from a campus vending machine would be broken down by enzymes carrying out hydrolysis? (a) saturated fat (b) enzymes (c) starch (d) tri-glycerides (e) All of these.
28. Which of the following items listed on junk food from a campus vending machine would be broken down by enzymes carrying out dehydration synthesis reactions? (a) saturated fat (b) enzymes (c) starch (d) triglycerides (e) None of these.
9. Which of the following items listed on junk food from a campus vending machine were probably built by cells carrying out dehydration synthesis reactions? (a) saturated fat (b) protein from soy beans (c) starch (d) triglycerides (e) All of these.
10. In order to be an amino acid, a molecule must have (a) a hydroxyl group. (b) both an amine and a carboxyl group. (c) glycerol as one of its parts. (d) numerous peptide bonds. (e) a glycogen subunit.
11. In order to be a nucleotide, a molecule must have (a) at least one peptide bond. (b) a nitrogenous base, a five carbon sugar, and a phosphate group. (c) glycerol and a fatty acid. (d) both an amine and a carboxyl group. (e) All of these.
12. In order to be a nucleic acid, a molecule must have (a) glycerol and fatty acids. (b) both an amine and a carboxyl group. (c) numerous peptide bonds. (d) nucleotides joined together by their phosphate and sugar groups. (e) None of these answers is correct.
13. In order to be a polysaccharide, a molecule must have (a) at least one fatty acid. (b) at least one peptide bond between its monosaccharides. (c) a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. (d) several sugars linked together in a chain. (e) sugars linked together by peptide bonds.
14. In order to be a lipid, a molecule must have (a) at least one monosaccharide. (b) at least one fatty acid attached to glycerol. (c) a phosphate group attached to its alpha carbon. (d) both an amine group and a carboxyl group attached to its glycerol. (e) None of these answers is correct.
15. The primary structure of a protein would be (a) the sequence of its amino acids. (b) the sequence of its nucleotides. (c) the folding of its polypeptides. (d) the manner in which its nucleotides are joined to glycerol. (e) the number of fatty acids attached to its glycerol.
16. The tertiary structure of a protein would be (a) the sequence of its amino acids. (b) the sequence of its nucleotides. (c) the folding of its polypeptides. (d) the manner in which its nucleotides are joined to glycerol. (e) the number of fatty acids attached to its glycerol.
17. In an electron microscope picture of a eukaryotic cell, in order to identify a mitochondrion, you would look for (a) a sausage-shaped body with internal folded membranes. (b) a stack of flattened sacs. (c) lines of double membranes with dark particles attached to them. (d) a group of circular vesicles. (e) membrane-bound vesicles.
18. In an electron microscope picture of a eukaryotic cell, in order to identify a Golgi organelle, you would look for (a) a sausage-shaped body with internal folded membranes. (b) a stack of flattened sacs. (c) lines of double membranes with dark particles attached to them. (d) a group of circular vesicles. (e) membrane-bound vesicles.
19. What do you know about the nucleotides within the nuclei of two different species of campus plants? (a) At least some of them contain adenine. (b) Their sequences within nucleic acids differ in the order of their nitrogenous bases. (c) They all contain nitrogen and carbon. (d) All of these answers are correct. (e) None of these answers is correct.
26. If you ate a leaf from a plant on campus and digested some of it, what compounds would likely be found in your intestine? (b) amino acids (b) glycerol (c) fatty acids (d) nucleotides (e) all of these.
27. Peptide bonds occur between (a) glycerol and fatty acids. (b) nucleotides in DNA. (c) nucleotides in starch or glycogen. (d) amino acids in a polypeptide. (e) All of these.
28. In order to be an amino acid, a molecule must have (a) a hydroxyl group. (b) both a hydroxyl and a carboxyl group. (c) both a carboxyl and an amine group. (d) the general formula CnH2nOn. (e) one or more glycogen subunits.
29. In order to be a nucleotide, a molecule must have (a) at least one peptide bond. (b) both an amine and a carboxyl group. (c) one or more unsaturated fatty acids. (d) a nitrogen-containing carbon ring, a five carbon sugar, and a phosphate group. (c) dipeptides and peptide bonds. (e) All of these.
30. In order to be a nucleic acid, a molecule must have (a) glycerol and fatty acids. (b) both an amine and a carboxyl group. (c) numerous peptide bonds. (d) nucleotides joined together by their phosphate and sugar groups. (e) None of these answers is correct.
31. What do you know about the nucleic acids within Pelecanus occidentalis and P. rufescens? (a) At least some of them contain adenine and cytosine. (b) The sequences within their nucleic acids differ in the order of their nitrogenous bases. (c) They are polymers. (d) All of these answers are correct. (e) None of these answers is correct.
32. Pelecanus occidentalis and P. rufescens should be using (a) hydrolysis reactions to build nucleic acids. (b) hydrolysis reactions to build polypeptides. (c) dehydration synthesis reactions to break apart large molecules such as starch and glycogen. (d) dehydration synthesis reactions to build glycogen. (e) dehydration synthesis reactions to break apart lipids.
33. Pelecanus occidentalis and P. rufescens should be using (a) dehydration synthesis reactions to build nucleic acids. (b) dehydration synthesis reactions to build polypeptides. (c) hydrolysis reactions to break apart lipids. (d) hydrolysis reactions to break apart proteins. (e) All of these answers are correct.
34. In order to be a lipid found in Pelecanus occidentalis, a molecule must have (a) at least one nucleotide. (b) at least one unsaturated double-bond between carbon atoms. (c) both an amine group and a carboxyl group attached to its glycerol. (d) at least one fatty acid attached to glycerol. (e) None of these answers is correct.
35. The primary structure of a protein from Pelecanus occidentalis would be (a) the sequence of its amino acids. (b) the sequence of its nucleotides. (c) the folding of its polypeptides. (d) the manner in which its nucleotides are joined to glycerol. (e) the number of fatty acids attached to its glycerol.
36. The tertiary structure of a protein from Pelecanus occidentalis would be (a) the sequence of its amino acids. (b) the sequence of its nucleotides. (c) the folding of its polypeptides. (d) the manner in which its nucleotides are joined to glycerol. (e) the number of fatty acids attached to its glycerol.
37. Enzymes in Pelecanus occidentalis should be functioning to (a) break apart lipids and nucleic acids. (b) add fatty acids to glycerol. (c) produce peptide bonds. (d) break peptide bonds. (e) All of these answers probably are correct.
38. If you caught two Pelecanus occidentalis and analyzed their DNA, you would expect to discover (a) some identical nucleotide sequences. (b) at least some nucleotide sequences that differed between the two individuals. (c) nucleotide sequences in their ribosomes. (d) All of these answers are correct. (e) None of these answers is correct.
39. If you studied your chosen species in nature, you would expect to find (a) numerous individuals of that species somewhere on Earth. (b) it carrying out hydrolysis on some molecules from its environment. (c) it in association with several different species. (d) it living in a biosphere. (e) You would expect to discover all these observations about your chosen species.
40. If you analyzed one of your chosen species’ cells, you would expect to find (a) glycoproteins. (b) nucleic acids with information contained in nucleotide sequences. (c) lipid bilayers and phospholipids. (d) You would find all of these things. (e) Only choices (a) and (c) are correct.
*****
Chapter 3 – Cell biology and metabolism
34. What would you expect to find inside a lysosomes? (a) hydrolytic enzymes (b) glycogen (c) DNA (d) All of these.
35. In an electron micrograph of a eukaryotic cell, in order to identify a mitochondrion, you would look for (a) a sausage-shaped body with internal folded membranes. (b) a stack of flattened sacs. (c) lines of double membranes with dark particles attached to them. (d) a group of circular vesicles.
36. If mitochondrial membranes have the same components are other cell membranes, which of the following groups or molecules would expect to find in mitochondria? (a) phosphate groups and fatty acids (b) glycoproteins (c) carboxyl groups and glycerol (d) cholesterol (e) All of these.
1. The energy contained in molecules such as glucose and amino acids (a) is greater than the energy required to build the molecules. (b) is present because of the chemical structure of those molecules. (c) can be extracted by means of anabolic pathways. (d) cannot be converted to other forms of energy.
2. ATP is (a) a nucleotide. (b) a polypeptide. (c) a nucleic acid. (d) a citric acid cycle intermediate. (e) an enzyme that functions in the electron transport system.
3. If one enzyme reaction requires energy, that energy usually is supplied in the form of (a) ADP. (b) ATP. (c) Krebs cycle intermediates. (d) co-enzymes such as NAD+. (e) reduced hydrogen carriers.
4. If a metabolic pathway produces potential chemical energy that is immediately available for use in anabolic reactions, such energy is usually in the form of (a) ADP. (b) ATP. (c) Krebs cycle intermediates. (d) co-enzymes such as NADPH. (e) oxidized hydrogen carriers.
5. In general, what happens to glucose as it is moved across a cell membrane into the cytoplasm? (a) It is split into two molecules of pyruvate. (b) It is split into two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. (c) It is phosphorylated with the expenditure of ATP. (d) It is oxidized into NADH. (e) It is reduced to become NADH.
6. Active transport (a) requires the expenditure of ATP. (b) requires participation of membrane proteins. (c) results in movement of molecules against the concentration gradient. (d) allows a cell to maintain concentrations that differ from the concentrations of its surroundings. (e) all of these
7. Which of the following would likely be the end products of a catabolic pathway? (a) DNA and RNA (b) polypeptides (c) carbon dioxide and water (d) lipids (e) Krebs cycle enzymes.
8. Which of the following would likely be the end products of an anabolic pathway? (a) polypeptides (b) reduced hydrogen carriers (c) carbon dioxide (d) ATP (e) all of these.
9. When enzyme reactions are linked (a) the substrate of one enzyme is also the substrate for another. (b) both enzymes produce the same product. (c) the product of one reaction is a substrate for the next. (d) one enzyme carries out two different reactions. (e) CoA and NAD+ are required for the reactions to occur.
10. According to the general catabolic metabolism diagrams in your textbook, a carbon atom from food you ate this morning could end up in (a) acetyl CoA. (b) pyruvate. (c) one of the Krebs cycle intermediates. (d) carbon dioxide. (e) any of these.
11. According to the general anabolic metabolism diagrams in your textbook, a carbon atom from food you ate this morning could end up in (a) glucose. (b) cell membrane. (c) genetic information stored in DNA. (d) an enzyme carrying out a Krebs cycle reaction. (e) any of these.
12. Assuming your textbook metabolic pathway diagrams are applicable to humans, which of the following could you, personally, make from the ingredients in junk food? (a) polypeptides (b) DNA (c) cell membrane (d) polysaccharides (e) all of these.
13. Assuming textbook metabolic pathway diagrams are applicable to humans, which of the following ingredients in junk food could you, personally, convert into useful energy by way of catabolic reactions? (a) starch (b) soy bean protein (c) citric acid (d) oats (e) all of these.
14. Assuming that textbook metabolic pathway diagrams are applicable to humans, which of the following could end up as part of a DNA strand that you pass on to one of your children? (a) Krebs cycle intermediates (b) carbon from mitochondrial membrane lipids (c) nitrogen from beef (d) a 2-carbon piece carried by acetyl CoA (e) any of these.
15. At this moment, it is theoretically possible that you are (a) making DNA using nitrogen that was once in a dinosaur. (b) breathing out CO2 that could end up in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in your favorite campus plant. (c) making polypeptides using carbon that was once in your pet cat’s Krebs cycle intermediates. (d) carrying out catabolic reactions using the products of photosynthesis. (e) any of these.
16. Which of the following ingredients of junk food would be considered a vitamin or part of a vitamin? (a) niacin (b) diglycerides (c) sugar (d) monoglycerides (e) all of these.
17. In a metabolic pathway, (a) the product of one reaction can be the substrate for another. (b) the substrate for one enzyme is not always a substrate for another enzyme. (c) enzyme reactions can be linked. (d) some reactions may be reversible. (e) all of these.
18. In a metabolic pathway, (a) some of the participants can be recycled. (b) enzymes can carry out oxidation reaction. (c) enzymes can carry out reduction reactions. (d) intermediates can be made from proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides. (e) all of these.
19. In the Krebs cycle, (a) glucose is produced (b) some end products are the same as the starting substrates (c) carbon dioxide is fixed at several steps (d) peptide bonds are formed (e) all of these.
20. Which of the following are products of Krebs cycle reactions? (a) amino acids (b) water (c) carbon dioxide and reduced hydrogen carriers (d) polypeptides (e) all of these.
21. The main product of glycolysis is (a) NAD+ (b) NADP+ (c) a 3-carbon molecule named pyruvate (d) glucose that is phorphorylated (e) Calvin cycle intermediates.
22. Glycolysis takes place (a) in the mitochondria. (b) in chloroplasts. (c) in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. (d) in the cytoplasm. (e) in plant cells but not in animal cells.
23. NADH and NADPH are (a) vitamins. (b) oxidized hydrogen carriers. (c) reduced hydrogen carriers. (d) electron transport chain proteins. (e) Calvin cycle intermediates.
24. NAD+ and NADP+ are (a) electron transport chain proteins. (b) Calvin cycle intermediates. (c) reduced hydrogen carriers. (d) vitamins. (e) oxidized hydrogen carriers.
25. What happens during the electron transport system reactions? (a) ATP is converted to ADP. (b) ADP is converted to ATP. (c) Krebs cycle intermediates are produced. (d) CO2 is fixed. (e) all of these.
26. Photosynthesis occurs in (a) mitochondria (b) chloroplasts (c) lysosomes (d) endoplasmic reticulum (e) Golgi apparatus.
27. Which of the following is produced during the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis? (a) oxygen (b) CO2 (c) ADP (d) glucose (e) all of these.
28. Which of the following is consumed during the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis? (a) H2O (b) ADP (c) glucose (d) all of these (e) none of these.
29. Which of the following occurs during the Calvin Cycle but not during the light dependent reactions? (a) H2O is split. (b) CO2 is fixed. (c) ADP is converted to ATP. (d) hydrogen carriers become reduced. (e) all of these.
30. The set of reactions that take place in thylakoids require (a) sunlight. (b) water. (c) NADP+. (d) ADP (e) all of these.
31. The reactions that take place in a chloroplast stroma require (a) NADP+. (b) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. (c) NADPH. (d) sunlight. (e) all of these.
32. The reactions that take place in a chloroplast stroma require (a) carbon dioxide. (b) pyruvate. (c) FAD+ (d) ADP. (e) all of these.
Download this book for your ebook reader.
(Pages 1-40 show above.)